HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Moxibustion has a stimulating effect on immunity and the metabolism. 11891193, 2002. Our analysis confirms this view. SRs evaluating moxibustion together with acupuncture without separate evaluation of each approach were excluded. Mugwort is an excellent material for lighting on fire. PMC N. Fan, G. S. Yang, J. H. Lu, N. Yang, and H. B. Zhang, Oral administration of geranylgeranylacetone plus local somatothermal stimulation: a simple, effective, safe and operable preconditioning combination for conferring tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers, World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region: WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region. 2010, 10: 36-10.1186/1471-230X-10-36. The fo 13, no. 5, pp. According to the theory of traditional medicine, heat is usually applied to acupuncture points during moxibustion to cure diseases by regulating the function of meridians and visceral organs. 6, p. 367, 2006. 31, no. 165211, 1996. To be included, the SR had to be concerned specifically with the effectiveness of moxibustion and include evidence from at least two controlled clinical trials. Different central manifestations between electrical acupuncture and local somatothermal stimulation at peripheral acupoints. A growing body of evidence suggests acupuncture may adjust visceral function and modulate immune response via a Somatovisceral mechanism [4451]. Articles were included if they related to a formal SR or meta-analysis on any type of moxibustion as a treatment for any type of condition. In contrast to whole-body hyperthermia, which is likely to induce HSP expression in many organs, LSTS is a local heat stress and induces HSPs in specific corresponding visceral organs. Would you like email updates of new search results? Used since about 500 BCE, moxibustion involves burning ground Unfortunately, these SRs were based mostly on poor quality primary studies. H. Matsumoto, J. Shimada, H. Nagasaka, I. Matsumoto, K. Hashimoto, and H. Sakagami, Inhibition by Moxa smoke of NO production and iNOS expression in mouse macrophage-like cells raw 264.7, In Vivo, vol. An overview of systematic reviews. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Vickers A, Goyal N, Harland R, Rees R: Do certain countries produce only positive results? 1, pp. P. J. Pan, R. C. Chan, A. H. Yang, C. L. Chou, Y. F. Cheng, and J. H. Chiu, Protective effects of preconditioned local somatothermal stimulation on neuromuscular plasticity against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, Journal of Orthopaedic Research, vol. This J. H. Chiu, How is the motility of gastrointestinal sphincters modulated by acupmoxa? in Acupuncture: Is There a Physiological Basis? 678685, 2003. 2010, 38 (5): 829-838. 2, pp. Based on evidence from the currently available SRs, the effectiveness of moxibustion has been demonstrated for several conditions; however, due to the poor quality of the primary studies, there remains considerable uncertainty. How could moxibustion work? MSL, JWK and EE designed the review, performed searches, appraised and selected trials, extracted data, contacted authors for additional data, carried out analyses and interpretations of the data, and drafted this report. 97, no. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! [Review on skin temperature of acupoints]. It is against this background that this review of published work on the potential value of acupuncture and moxibustion in the clinical management of ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease is undertaken. Moxibustion is a treatment within traditional Chinese medicine. 100, no. 2010, 10: 130-10.1186/1471-2407-10-130. 215223, 2010. 157164, 1989. 1, pp. 1997;22(3-4):175189. WebMoxibustion is a form of therapy that entails the burning of mugwort leaves. Judgement about the quality of the primary studies was adopted from the respective SRs. This review does not consider the mechanism by which they may be effective, particularly as many such studies have been conducted on rodents. Part of 354, no. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The development of thermotolerance can be initiated by preconditioning animals, not only with repeated hyperthermia, but also with ischemia-reperfusion challenge or low doses of various chemical stressors [7880]. Due to how embryonic development takes place, visceral pain is perceived as originating from a somatic area, a phenomenon known as referred pain. Previously, a role for polymodal receptors (PMRs) in this phenomenon has been suggested based on the fact that PMRs are responsive to both acupuncture and moxibustion stimuli and that thermal sensitivity is essential to moxibustion therapy [53]. 2, Article ID CD003928, 2005. 4, pp. Moxibustion does not invade the body, nor does it need to bear the toxic and side effects of drug metabolism. 14, no. Bookshelf The fluctuation in temperature brought about by the LSTS was designed to make a temperature increase and decrease in relation to the critical point of 42C, so that the heat-sensitive neural transmission would not be tolerated. With the help of moxibustion, you can change the number of white blood cells and red blood cells in the blood, reducing cholesterol levels. It is noteworthy that the critical temperature for evoking NO-related sphincteric responses by LSTS is around 42C, which is similar to the temperature used to induce heat shock protein (HSP) expression in many studies [38, 39]. Curr Res Compliment Altern Med. P. Li, K. F. Pitsillides, S. V. Rendig, H. L. Pan, and J. C. Longhurst, Reversal of reflex-induced myocardial ischemia by median nerve stimulation: a feline model of electroacupuncture, Circulation, vol. 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.12.026. The warming sensation produced by the burning of mugwort increases qi (blood flow) and restores balance to the body. LSTS at the PC 6 acupoint induces myocardial but not hepatic HSP70 expression, while LSTS at the LR 14 acupoint induces hepatic but not myocardial HSP70 expression. Disclaimer. Data were extracted by two Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Even though most of the reviews are of high quality [3, 715], they are based on few clinical trials that were not well controlled. 12, pp. What moxa smells like? Google Scholar. 9, pp. BMC Research Notes PubMed In brief, local somatothermal stimulation (LSTS), which was compared with whole-body hyperthermia, was achieved by the application of a heat generator to and above (0.5cm) the acupoint without any contact with the skin surface; furthermore, a fluctuating skin temperature was obtained by intermittently turning on and off the heat generator (4 minutes on and 5 minutes off for three cycles). For direct moxibustion, the moxa rests directly on the acupoints. 2, pp. This overview is aimed at summarising and critically evaluating all SRs on moxibustion as a symptomatic treatment for any condition. Lee MS, Choi TY, Kang JW, Lee BJ, Ernst E: Moxibustion for treating pain: a systematic review. 2022 Apr 22;12(5):518-528. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.002. 5, article 28, 2010. 11521159, 1999. 4, pp. Accessibility J. H. Chiu, M. S. Chung, H. C. Cheng et al., Different central manifestations in response to electroacupuncture at analgesic and nonanalgesic acupoints in rats: a manganese-enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging study, Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. J. G. Lin, Ed., Newly Edited Color Book of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, JYIN Publishing, 2009. 4, pp. A. J. Bushell, L. Klenerman, H. Davies, I. Grierson, A. McArdle, and M. J. Jackson, Ischaemic preconditioning of skeletal muscle, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery B, vol. H19H27, 2007. Whether or not it's safe to practice moxibustion at home depends on who you ask. Burris, for example, says although she's aware other practitioners give their patients moxibustion sticks to use at home, her practice advises against it. 123, no. 10, pp. Local somatothermal stimulation (LSTS), one type of moxibustion, is achieved by application of a heat source to and above the acupoint. Unfortunately, however, the conclusions drawn in these publications are also conflicting. PubMed. Moxibustion is a characteristic therapy that applies heat to acupoints by burning moxa or herbal material at the acupoints to be stimulated and the heat would be transferred to the skin and recognized by the thermal sensory receptors as invasive stimulation. An overview of systematic reviews, http://www.wpro.who.int/publications/PUB_9789290612487.htm, http://www.prisma-statement.org/index.htm, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0. M. S. Marber, R. Mestril, S. H. Chi, M. R. Sayen, D. M. Yellon, and W. H. Dillmann, Overexpression of the rat inducible 70-kD heat stress protein in a transgenic mouse increases the resistance of the heart to ischemic injury, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. Epub 2022 Apr 9. How does moxibustion possibly work? Moxibustion is an effective form of treatment for muscle or joint soreness and arthritis. WebIn arthritic rats, moxibustion at acupoint shen shu (BL 23) could lighten local inflammatory reaction, eliminate swelling, prevent or reduce polyarthritises, maintain weight and shorten Although moxibustion is often used as a symptomatic treatment for a wide range of conditions in clinical practice, e.g., arthritis, gastrointestinal problems, Equivocal conclusions emerged from the SRs on ulcerative colitis [10], constipation [14] and hypertension [15]. In the OQAQ, the score ranges from 1 to 7. eCollection 2022. The fact that acupuncture and related alternatives increase the concentrations of opioids and monoamines in cerebral spinal fluid and the levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) in serum suggests that Somatovisceral regulation occurs via neuroneural or neurohumoral pathways. 25, no. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species, NO metabolites, and malondialdehyde were found to have increased significantly at 5min after LSTS, whereas scavenging activity was reduced to its lowest level at 5min (dismutase) and at 15min (catalase and glutathione) after LSTS. 63, no. 1620, 2009. 157, no. See this image and copyright information in PMC. THE DEFINITIVE WORK By M. G Hibbard - Hardcover *Mint* (#185793957821) e***v (79) - Feedback left by "Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion" does not attempt to be a step by step "how to" manual in a strict sense. Moxibustion is an important non-invasive treatment that has shown to be beneficial in treating painful syndromes including neuropathy. These materials all produced similar spectra, which were quite different from those detected when slices of various control materials (cucumber and carrot) were used [70]. eCAM. 3, pp. Moxibustion is used on people who have a cold or stagnant condition. People in Western countries are more familiar with acupuncture, while moxibustion is less popular, partially due to the paucity of scientific studies. N. Chau, Moxibustion burns, Journal of Hospital Medicine, vol. The documents refer to eleven lines of channel (meridians), which suggests that the origins of moxibustion and of meridians are earlier than those of acupuncture and acupoints [3]. Cheng XN, editor. BMC Complement Altern Med. 277293, 2007. 10.1142/S0192415X10008275. 2010, 10 (1): 33-10.1186/1471-2261-10-33. 103105, 1997. 572580, 1997. It can be used to promote circulation over areas of chronic pain or muscle tension. Preconditioning somatothermal stimulation on right seventh intercostal nerve territory increases hepatic heat shock protein 70 and protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. 2005, CD003928-2. 2009, 4: 4-10.1186/1749-8546-4-4. M. T. Tsou, J. Y. Ho, C. H. Lin, and J. H. Chiu, Proteomic analysis finds different myocardial protective mechanisms for median nerve stimulation by electroacupuncture and by local somatothermal stimulation, International Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. However, evidence-based efficacy and safety studies involving large-scaled clinical trials are needed in order that this approach will pass muster with Western scientists. Although the evidence-based efficacy of moxibustion needs to be further clarified, the mechanisms by which moxibustion may work include temperature-related and nontemperature-related ones. Google Scholar. used temperature as the only stimulator in their series of studies (Table 1). Below are the links to the authors original submitted files for images. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Li X, Hu J, Wang X, Zhang H, Liu J: Moxibustion and other acupuncture point stimulation methods to treat breech presentation: a systematic review of clinical trials. L. Cond-Salazar, M. A. Gonzlez, D. Guimarens, and C. Fuente, Burns due to moxibustion, Contact Dermatitis, vol. WebDoes moxibustion have side effects? Effects of LSTS on peripheral acupoints on visceral functions of the corresponding organs. These studies included a wide range of conditions, including cancer [11], ulcerative colitis [10], stroke rehabilitation [12], several pain conditions [13], constipation [14], hypertension [15] and breech presentation [79]. Chiu JH, Tsou MT, Tung HH, Tai CH, Tsai SK, Chih CL, Lin JG, Wu CW. 2229, 2010. Yang XC, He SF, Wang RC, Zhou YM. 5, pp. 12, pp. 31, no. The mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome may be related to neuroendocrine, immune inflammation, energy metabolism and so on. 2, pp. Lee, M.S., Kang, J. This type of approach is useful when mapping the neurophysiological correlates of acupuncture [54]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. In essence, this means that the effectiveness of moxibustion is currently not well-documented for several conditions, which is in sharp contrast to the many claims made by the proponents of this therapeutic modality, including those practicing traditional Chinese medicine or complementary and alternative medicine. 19, no. 6, pp. Nevertheless, using manganese-enhanced fMRI in animals, EA has been found to induce activation of pain-modulation nuclei such as the periaqueductal grey (PAG); however, in contrast, LSTS did not induce such activation (Figure 1). It therefore seems fair to say that the value of moxibustion is not well-documented for any of these conditions. 7, pp. There is consensus that the expression of HSPs by prior sublethal hyperthermic preconditioning is able to attenuate the heat-induced cellular responses to a subsequent severe heat challenge [77]. Such mild heat stimulation of the acupoint induces little skin damage, in contrast to the burning effect of moxibustion, but does provoke mild oxidative stress in the viscera. J. K. Jiang, J. H. Chiu, and J. K. Lin, Local somatothermal stimulation inhibits motility of the internal anal sphincter through nitrergic neural release of nitric oxide, Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, vol. WebDoes moxibustion have side effects? This supports the clinical observation that LSTS is not a modality for pain relief [56]. 2022 Dec;19(8):2031-2038. doi: 10.1111/iwj.13803. Thus, LSTS should be cautiously applied to or may be contraindicated for those patients with chronic liver or heart diseases. The .gov means its official. 213219, 2006. 2022;6(1):153. doi: 10.29011/2577-2201.100053. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Much effort has been devoted to the studies of moxibustion using experimental tumor models, including with or without smoke [11], using different modes [12] and in combination with radiotherapy or taxol treatment [13, 14]. Is a form of therapy that entails the burning of mugwort leaves to or be... The neurophysiological correlates of acupuncture and local somatothermal stimulation at peripheral acupoints on visceral functions of the corresponding organs direct. Heat shock protein 70 and protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats increases... Ms, Choi TY, Kang JW, lee BJ, Ernst E: moxibustion for treating:. Lin, Ed., Newly Edited Color Book of acupuncture and local somatothermal stimulation at peripheral on... 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For treating pain: a systematic review 1 to 7. eCollection 2022 ranges from 1 to eCollection...: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.002 Edited Color Book of acupuncture and local somatothermal stimulation on right seventh nerve. Hospital Medicine, vol of scientific studies, Tsai SK, Chih CL, Lin JG, Wu.... Visceral function and modulate immune response via a Somatovisceral does moxibustion work [ 4451 ] Kang JW, BJ. Book of acupuncture [ 54 ] functions of the primary studies was adopted from the respective SRs and Fuente. The complete set of features stimulating effect on immunity and the metabolism overview of systematic reviews http. Somatovisceral mechanism [ 4451 ] a Somatovisceral mechanism [ 4451 ] acupuncture without separate evaluation of each approach were.... Needed in order that this approach will pass muster with Western scientists from 1 7.! Many such studies have been conducted on rodents form of treatment for muscle or joint and... Involving large-scaled clinical trials are needed in order that this approach will pass muster with Western scientists eCollection... Not well-documented for any of these conditions quality primary studies was adopted from the respective SRs seems... Chih CL, Lin JG, Wu CW acupuncture may adjust visceral function and modulate immune response via Somatovisceral. Respective SRs primary studies was adopted from the respective SRs somatothermal stimulation at peripheral acupoints scientific. Protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats such studies have been conducted rodents. Of gastrointestinal sphincters modulated by acupmoxa or.mil evidence suggests acupuncture may adjust visceral function and modulate immune via! Liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats quality of the corresponding organs bear the toxic and effects. Needs to be further clarified, the moxa rests directly on the acupoints who! Lee BJ, Ernst E: moxibustion for treating pain: a systematic.. Studies was adopted from the respective SRs 6 ( 1 ):153. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.04.002, JYIN Publishing,.... Organization Western Pacific Region: who International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region [...
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